This lesson focuses on two important words in Japanese: ここ (koko) and そこ (soko). These words are used to indicate location and are essential for expressing where things are in relation to oneself or someone else.

Let's start with ここ (koko). This word means "here", "this place", "place next to me or place near me" It refers to a location close to the speaker or a place near the person speaking. For example, if you are pointing to your current location or referring to a place next to you, you would use ここ. To give you an idea, imagine you are at a park with a friend and you want to say, "Here it is cold." In Japanese, you would say, "ここ　は　さむい　です。" (koko wa samui desu). This sentence means that the place where you are standing, which is close to you, is cold.

Now, let's move on to そこ (soko). This word means "there" or "that place." It refers to a location close to the person you are speaking to or a place near the person you are addressing. It is used to describe a place next to the listener. Continuing with the park example, if you want to say, "There, near you, it is dark." in Japanese, you would say, "そこ　は　暗い　です。" (soko wa kurai desu). This sentence indicates that the place you are referring to is close to the person you are speaking to, and it is dark there.